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| ==Therapie==
| | {| class="wikitable " |
| {| class="wikitable |+ | | |+ |
| ! style="width:78pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="104" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:78pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">'''Klinische <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">Situation</span>'''</span>
| | |+<span id="Tabelle 3: First line Medikamente zur Behandlung der tuberkulösen Meningitis ohne Resistenzen">Tabelle 3: First line Medikamente zur Behandlung der Tbc</span> |
| ! style="width:63.75pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="85" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:63.75pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">'''Präferenz'''</span> | | !Klinische Situation |
| ! style="width:78pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="104" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:78pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">'''Substanz'''</span> | | !Präferenz |
| ! style="width:70.85pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="94" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:70.85pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">'''Dosierung'''</span> | | !Substanz |
| ! style="width:2cm;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="76" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:2cm;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">'''Dauer'''</span> | | !Dosierung |
| ! style="width:2cm;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="76" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:2cm;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">'''Anpas-sungen'''</span>
| | !Dauer |
| ! style="width:49.35pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="66" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:49.35pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">'''Liquor- Gängig-keit'''</span> | | !Liquor Gängigkeit |
| |- style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit;"}" | | |- |
| | rowspan="3" style="" data-ve-attributes="{"style":""}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">Tuberkulöse Meningitis</span>
| | ! rowspan="6" scope="row" |Tuberkulöse Meningitis |
| | rowspan="2" style="" data-ve-attributes="{"style":""}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">Therapie der Wahl</span> | | | rowspan="4" scope="row" |Therapie der Wahl |
| | style="width:78pt;" width="104" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:78pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">Rifampicin</span> | | |Rifampicin |
| | style="width:70.85pt;" width="94" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:70.85pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">10 mg/kg KG, max 600 mg</span> | | |10 mg/kg KG, max 600 mg |
| | style="width:2cm;" width="76" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:2cm;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">12 Monate</span> | | |12 Monate |
| | style="width:2cm;" width="76" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:2cm;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">-</span> | | |10-20% |
| | style="width:49.35pt;" width="66" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:49.35pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">10-20%</span> | | |- |
| |- style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit;"}" | | |- |
| | style="width:78pt;" width="104" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:78pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">Isoniazid</span> | | |Isoniazid |
| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">Pyrazinamid</span>
| | |5 mg/kg KG |
| | |12 Monate |
| | |80-90% |
| | |- |
| | |- |
| | |Pyrazinamid |
| | |25 mg/kg KG |
| | |Ersten 2 Monate |
| | |90-100% |
| | |- |
| | |- |
| | |Ethamutolb |
| | |*15 mg/kg KG |
| | |Ersten 2 Monate |
| | |20-30% |
| | |- |
| | |- |
| | |Zusatz |
| | |Vitamin B6 <ref>Amagon KI, Awodele O, Akindele AJ. Methionine and vitamin B-complex ameliorate antitubercular drugs-induced toxicity in exposed patients. Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2017;5(5). doi:10.1002/prp2.360</ref> |
| | |40 mg/d |
| | |Mit INH |
| | | - |
| | |} |
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| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">Ethambutol</span>
| |
| | style="width:70.85pt;" width="94" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:70.85pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">5 mg/kg KG</span>
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| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">25 mg/kg KG</span>
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| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">15 mg/kg KG</span> | | Zusätzlich zur Therapie mit Tuberkulostatika <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit;"}"></span></span><ref>Schaberg T, Bauer T, Brinkmann F, et al. [Tuberculosis Guideline for Adults - Guideline for Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis including LTBI Testing and Treatment of the German Central Committee (DZK) and the German Respiratory Society (DGP)]. Pneumologie. 2017;71(6):325-397. doi:10.1055/s-0043-105954</ref><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit;"}"></span></span><ref>Wilkinson RJ, Rohlwink U, Misra UK, et al. Tuberculous meningitis. Nat Rev Neurol. 2017;13(10):581-598. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2017.120</ref><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit;"}"></span></span><ref>Thwaites G, Fisher M, Hemingway C, et al. British Infection Society guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis of the central nervous system in adults and children. J Infect. 2009;59(3):167-187. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2009.06.011</ref><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit;"}"></span></span><ref>Chin JH. Tuberculous meningitis: Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Neurol Clin Pract. 2014;4(3):199-205. doi:10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000023</ref><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit;"}"></span></span> sollte Dexamethason oder Prednisolon verabreicht werden. Für Deutschland wird laut der S2k-Leitlinie beim Erwachsenen (> 15 Jahre) eine Prednisolon-Dosis von 2x40 mg/Tag empfohlen, welche nach 2-3 Wochen um jeweils 10 mg/Woche reduziert und ausgeschlichen wird <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit;"}"></span></span><ref>Prasad K, Singh MB, Ryan H. Corticosteroids for managing tuberculous meningitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;4:CD002244. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002244.pub4</ref><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit;"}"></span></span><ref>Thwaites GE, Nguyen DB, Nguyen HD, et al. Dexamethasone for the treatment of tuberculous meningitis in adolescents and adults. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(17):1741-1751. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa040573</ref><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit;"}"></span></span>. |
| | style="width:2cm;" width="76" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:2cm;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">12 Monate</span>
| |
| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">Ersten</span> | |
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| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">2 Monate</span>
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| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">Ersten</span>
| | Bei Resistenzen gegen die klassischen first line Tuberkulostatika wird die Therapie - insbesondere bei TBC-Meningitis - sehr (!) kompliziert und soll unbedingt mit Spezialisten, u.U. unter Einschaltung des nationalen TBC-Referenzzentrums in Borstel abgestimmt werden. Es wird hier auf die entsprechende Leitlinie verwiesen </span><ref>Lange C et al., Update: Therapie der medikamentenresistenten Tuberkulose (DR-TB) in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz – Aktualisierte Empfehlungen auf Basis der WHO-Leitlinien 2025. Pneumologie 2026; 80: 160–167. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2731-0729 </ref> . |
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| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">2 Monate</span>
| | Für pulmonale MDR/RR-TBC sind 6- oder 9-Monats-Regime etabliert bzw. WHO-empfohlen. Bei TBC-Meningitis sollte wegen ZNS-Beteiligung, schlechterer Evidenz, hoher Mortalität und häufig verlangsamtem radiologischem Verlauf im Regelfall länger behandelt werden. |
| | style="width:2cm;" width="76" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:2cm;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">-</span>
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| | style="width:49.35pt;" width="66" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:49.35pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">80-90%</span>
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| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">90-100%</span>
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|
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|
| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">20-30%</span>
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| |- style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit;"}" | | |+ Tab. 4. Therapiedauer bei resistenter TBC |
| | style="width:63.75pt;" width="85" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:63.75pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">Zusatz</span> | | |- |
| | style="width:78pt;" width="104" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:78pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">Vitamin B6 <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit;"}">[9]</span></span> | | ! Situation !! Pragmatische Dauer !! Kommentar |
| | style="width:70.85pt;" width="94" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:70.85pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">40 mg/d</span> | | |- |
| | style="width:2cm;" width="76" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:2cm;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">mit INH</span> | | | RR/MDR-TBM, FQ-sensibel, gutes Ansprechen || Meist mindestens 18 Monate || Individuell nach Klinik, MRT, Liquor/Erregernachweis und Toxizität |
| | style="width:2cm;" width="76" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:2cm;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">-</span> | | |- |
| | style="width:49.35pt;" width="66" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:49.35pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">-</span> | | | pre-XDR/XDR-TBM || 18-24 Monate oder länger || Spezialzentrum; wenige gesicherte wirksame ZNS-aktive Substanzen |
| | |- |
| | | Unzureichende Response, persistierende Kultur/PCR, ausgedehnte Tuberkulome || Verlängerung prüfen || Therapieversagen, Resistenz, Adhärenz, Resorption und paradoxe Reaktion unterscheiden |
| | |- |
| | | BPaL/BPaLM als Ausnahme/off-label bei TBM || Nicht als Routine; Dauer nicht gesichert || Nur dokumentierte Expertenentscheidung. |
| |} | | |} |
| Tabelle 2: First line Medikamente zur Behandlung der Tbc
| |
| {| class="wikitable sortable bs-exportable MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="604" style="box-sizing: inherit; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; margin-left: -0.25pt;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: \"Open Sans\", Roboto, arial, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; margin-left: -0.25pt;"}"
| |
| |+
| |
| ! style="width:78pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="104" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:78pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">'''Klinische Situation'''</span>
| |
| ! style="width:63.75pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="85" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:63.75pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">'''Präferenz'''</span>
| |
| ! style="width:78pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="104" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:78pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">'''Substanz'''</span>
| |
| ! style="width:77.95pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="104" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:77.95pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">'''Dosierung'''</span>
| |
| ! style="width:2cm;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="76" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:2cm;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">'''Dauer'''</span>
| |
| ! style="width:49.6pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="66" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:49.6pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">'''Anpas-sungen'''</span>
| |
| ! style="width:49.35pt;" class="col-grey-light-bg" width="66" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:49.35pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="color: black" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"color: black"}">'''Liquor Gängig-keit'''</span>
| |
| |- style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit;"}"
| |
| | style="width:78pt;" width="104" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:78pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">Tuberkulöse Meningitis</span>
| |
| | style="width:63.75pt;" width="85" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:63.75pt;"}" |Second line
| |
| | style="width:78pt;" width="104" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:78pt;"}" |Levofloxacin
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| Moxifloxacin
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|
| |
| Amikacin
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|
| |
| Kanamycin
| |
|
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| Capreomycin
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|
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| Ethionamid
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|
| |
| Cycloserin
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|
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| Linezolid
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| | style="width:77.95pt;" width="104" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:77.95pt;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">10-15 mg/kg</span>
| |
| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">400mg</span>
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|
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| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">15 mg/kg,</span>
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|
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|
| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">max 1g i.v.</span>
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| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">15 mg/kg,</span>
| | Die WHO-Empfehlung entspricht nicht automatisch einer unproblematischen praktischen Verfügbarkeit. In Deutschland/Europa sind Linezolid und Fluorchinolone breit verfügbar. Bedaquilin und Delamanid sind EMA-zugelassen für pulmonale MDR/RR-TBC in Kombinationsregimen. Pretomanid ist in Europa formal verfügbar, aber der Zugang war bzw. ist in vielen Ländern eingeschränkt; die Indikation bezieht sich ebenfalls auf pulmonale resistente TBC. Bei TBC-Meningitis ist die Anwendung neuer Substanzen häufig off-label und sollte mit Spezialzentrum, Krankenhausapotheke, Kostenträger und Referenzlabor abgestimmt werden </span><ref>Lange C et al., Update: Therapie der medikamentenresistenten Tuberkulose (DR-TB) in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz – Aktualisierte Empfehlungen auf Basis der WHO-Leitlinien 2025. Pneumologie 2026; 80: 160–167. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2731-0729 </ref> . |
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| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">max 1g i.v.</span>
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| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">15 mg/kg,</span>
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| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">max 1g i.v.</span>
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| | | |+ Tab. 5. Medikamentenverfügbarkeit bei resistenter TBC. FQ=Fluorchinolon |
| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">15-20 mg/kg,</span>
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| | | ! Medikament !! Deutschland/Europa !! Kommentar für TBM |
| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">max 1g i.v.</span>
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| | | | Linezolid || Bereit verfügbar || Sehr wichtiger TBM-Baustein; Toxizität limitiert Dauer |
| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">10-20 mg/kg,</span>
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| | | | BLevofloxacin/Moxifloxacin || Bereit verfügbar || Zentral bei FQ-Sensibilität; QT/Interaktionen beachten. |
| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">max 1g i.v.</span>
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| | | | Bedaquilin (Sirturo) || EMA-Zulassung für pulmonale MDR/RR-TB in Kombination; Spezialversorgung || Für ZNS-TBC keine robuste klinische Datenbasis; individualisierte/off-label Entscheidung |
| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">600 mg</span>
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| | style="width:2cm;" width="76" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:2cm;"}" |<span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">durch-gängig</span> | | | Pretomanid (Dovprela) || EMA-Indikation für Kombinationen bei pulmonaler RR/MDR/pre-XDR-TBC; Zugang in Europa teils eingeschränkt || Bei TBM nicht Standard; Verfügbarkeit über Spezialzentrum/ Krankenhausapotheke prüfen. |
| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">Intensiv-</span>
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| | | | Delamanid (Deltyba) || EMA-Zulassung für pulmonale MDR-TBC, wenn kein anderes wirksames Regime zusammengesetzt werden kann || Ergänzende Option; QT-Monitoring |
| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">phase</span>
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| | style="width:49.6pt;" width="66" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:49.6pt;"}" | | | | Clofazimin || Verfügbarkeit je nach Land/Versorgungspfad; in TBC-Zentren nutzbar || Ergänzend; Hautverfärbung/QT-Monitoring |
| | style="width:48.8pt;" width="65" valign="top" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"width:48.8pt;"}" |70-80%
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| 70-80%
| | | Cycloserin/Terizidon, PAS, Prothionamid || Spezial-/Importversorgung möglich || Für TBM je nach Resistenz und ZNS-Penetration relevant. |
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| 10-20%
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| 10-20%
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| 80-90%
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| 80-90%
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| 30-70%
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| |} | | |} |
| Tabelle 3: Core second-line Medikamente zur Therapie der MDR-Tbc
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| <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">Zusätzlich zur antituberkulösen Chemotherapie <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit;"}">[1</span></span><ref><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)">Vincent JL, Rello J, Marshall J, Silva E, Anzueto A, Martin CD, Moreno R, Lipman J, Gomersall C, Sakr Y, Reinhart K, EPIC II Group of Investigators. International study of the prevalence and outcomes of infection in intensive care units. JAMA 2009; 2;302(21):2323-9</span></ref><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit;"}">, 2</span></span><ref><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)">Kumta N, Roberts JA, Lipman J et al. Antibiotic distribution into cerebrospinal fluid: Can dosing safely account for drug and disease factors in the treatment of ventriculostomy-associated infections? Clin Pharmacokinet 2018; 57: 439–454</span></ref><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit;"}">, 5</span></span><ref><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)">Nau R et al. S1-Leitlinie Hirnabszess. 2016. In: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie, Hrsg. Leitlinien für Diagnostik und Therapie in der Neurologie. Online:</span> [http://www.dgn.org/leitlinien www.dgn.org/leitlinien]<br /></ref><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit;"}">, 7</span></span><ref><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)">Kalkulierte parenterale Initialtherapie bakterieller Erkrankungen bei Erwachsenen - Update 2018. <nowiki>https://www.awmf.org/leitlinien/detail/ll/082-006.html</nowiki></span></ref><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit;"}">]</span></span> <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}">sollte Dexamethason oder Prednisolon verabreicht werden. Für Deutschland wird in Übereinstimmung mit den NICE-Empfehlungen beim Erwachsenen (> 15 Jahre) eine Prednisolon-Dosis von 40 mg/Tag (ohne RMP-Gabe: 20 mg/Tag) empfohlen, welche nach 2-3 Wochen um jeweils 10 mg/Woche reduziert und dann beendet werden kann <span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit;"}">[10</span></span><ref><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)">Ducomble T, et al., The burden of extrapulmonary and meningitis tuberculosis: an investigation of national surveillance data, Germany, 2002 to 2009. Euro Surveill, 2013;</span> '''18'''<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)">(12)</span><br /></ref><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit;"}">, 11</span></span><ref><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51)">in Tuberculosis: Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Tuberculosis, and Measures for Its Prevention and Control. 2011; London</span></ref><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"}"><span class="ve-pasteProtect" style="box-sizing: inherit;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"box-sizing: inherit;"}">]</span>.</span>
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| MDR = multi-drug resistance, RMP = Rifampicin
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